A method based on behaviorist psychology, focusing on drilling and repetition of sentence patterns to form good language habits.
C
Collocation:
Two or more words that often go together naturally in a language (e.g., 'make a decision', 'heavy rain').
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT):
An approach that emphasizes using language for meaningful communication. The focus is on fluency and interaction, rather than just grammatical accuracy.
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL):
A dual-focused approach where a subject (like history or science) is taught through the medium of a foreign language.
D
Direct Method:
A method that teaches exclusively in the target language, using real-world objects and images to establish direct links between words and their meanings, without translation.
G
Grammar-Translation Method:
A traditional method where students learn grammar rules and then translate sentences and texts between the target language and their native language.
Grammatical Competence:
A person's knowledge of the rules of a language, including syntax, morphology, and phonology.
Grammatical Minimum:
The set of essential grammatical structures and rules a learner needs to master for basic communication.
L
Lexical Competence:
A person's knowledge and use of the vocabulary of a language.
Lexical Minimum:
The minimum number of words a learner needs to know to function effectively in a language. This often includes high-frequency words.